Classification of Epithelial Tissue

Classification of Epithelial Tissue Location of Epithelium The four basic tissue types in the body are the epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. These tissues exist and function in close association with one another. The epithelial tissue, or epithelium, consists of sheets of cells that cover the external surfaces of the body, line the internal cavities, form various organs and glands, and line their ducts. Epithelial cells are in contact with each other, either in a single layer or multiple layers. The structure of lining epithelium, however, differs from organ to organ, depending on its location and function.For example, epithelium that covers the outer surfaces of the body and serves as a protective layer differs from the epithelium that lines the internal organs. The overview illustration shows different types of epithelia in selected organs. Classification of Epithelium Epithelium is classified according to the number of cell layers and the morphology or structur e of the surface cells. A basement membrane is a thin, noncellular region that separates the epithelium from the underlying connective tissue. This membrane is easily seen with a light microscope.An epithelium with a single layer of cells is simple, and that with numerous cell layers is stratified. A pseudostratified epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that attach to a basement membrane, but not all cells reach the surface. An epithelium with flat surface cells is called squamous. When the surface cells are round, or as tall as they are wide, the epithelium is cuboidal. When the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is called columnar. Epithelium is nonvascular, that is, it does not have blood vessels.Oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites diffuse from the blood vessels located in the underlying connective tissue to the epithelium. Special Surface Modifications on Epithelial Cells Epithelial cells in different organs exhibit special cell membrane modifications o n their apical orupper surfaces. These modifications are cilia, stereocilia, or microvilli. Cilia are motile structures found on certain cells in the uterine tubes, uterus, and conducting tubes of the respiratory system. Microvilli are small, nonmotile projections that cover ll absorptive cells in the small intestine and proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney. Stereocilia are long, nonmotile, branched microvilli that cover the cells in the epididymis and vas deferens. The function of microvilli and stereocilia is absorption. Types of Epithelia Simple Epithelium Simple squamous epithelium that covers the external surfaces of the digestive organs, lungs, and heart is called mesothelium. Simple squamous epithelium that covers the lumina of the heart chambers, blood vessles, and lymphatic vessels is called endothelium.

Charles by Shirley Jackson Analysis Essay

Laurie creates an alter ego named â€Å"Charles† and uses him to take all the flaws that Laurie has in kindergarten. 2. a) The underlying message, central idea, or moral discussed in a story. b) The story teaches us that something can be going on and we may not even notice it. The mother refuses to look at what is right under her nose, for trepidation of realizing something that she doesn’t want to see- her dear, naà ¯ve little boy causing serious trouble. She adored listening to the stories her son would tell her about â€Å"Charles†. In fact, she couldn’t wait for Laurie to get home from school so she could hear them. All the while Laurie was misbehaving at home. Instead, she would relatively think that it is another little boy named Charles. Another minor theme can be: if you lie then you will in time get caught red-handed. 3. â€Å"The teacher spanked a boy, though †¦ For being fresh† (pg 8) was Laurie’s replay to his mother asking him what happened in school. When I reread this I thought that this was where Laurie decided to put on his act. Another foreshadowing example was the unusual way Laurie kept on taking about â€Å"Charles†. Another observation I made was about Laurie’s behavior. His mother also notes changes in his behavior: he no longer waves goodbye to her, slams the door when he comes home and speaks insolently to his father. Since they adore their son, his parents believe all he has to say, and this belief stops them from seeing that what he says is not the full truth. 4. When the mother discovers at the end of the story that there is no child named Charles in the class and that it is Laurie who has had trouble bending into kindergarten and has done all the bad things he credited to Charles, the reader no less than the mother is surprised. The mother’s reaction would be quite embarrassed since she is the mother of ‘Charles’. Laurie creates a double of him to do â€Å"bad† so that he might stay good in the eyes of his parents. Loving but narrow-minded, the parents do not get involved. I think after realizing that Charles is indeed Laurie, this might affect the way his parents treat him from now on. Not only that, but I think their attitude towards their own unobservant behavior might change as well. 5. This story made me think of when I was younger and the kids who acted this way to get attention from their parents. This story shows the ways children invent shadow figures as a means of confronting problematic feelings while forming their identities. I know that a lot of young children are clever enough to do a lot of things, and some times they go unnoticed, like Laurie’s travesty. In Laurie’s example mentioning Charles so much, the family’s bound to make Charlie a part of daily conversation. Why was Laurie hinting to his parents instead of coming right out and telling them? Was it because he wants his parents to shape it out on their own little heads? I too indeed might’ve lied a couple of times as of way of being included and known. Although my parents were observant and I was quick to learn that it’s not good to lie. 6. Verbal irony – contrast between what is said and what is meant. In other words, sarcasm. Dramatic irony –between what the character thinks to be true and what we (the reader) know to be true. For example: In City Lights the audience knows that Charlie Chaplin’s character is not a millionaire, but the blind flower girl (Virginia Cherrill) is unaware and believes he’s rich. Situational irony – a certain fact is perhaps highlighted by an event that is in contrast to that fact. For example: An old man turned ninety-eight. He won the lottery and died the next day. 7. The point at which we the readers realize that Laurie is tricking his parents and from then on we also know— or suspect — more than the narrator about his misbehaving and amused the mothers lack of observance is an example of dramatic irony. Parents, by definition are thought to be mentally advanced than their children (when they are at such a young age such as Laurie) but are outsmarted by the imagination and creativity of a clever little nipper.

Sicko by michael moore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sicko by michael moore - Essay Example Michael Moore has proficiently used ethos, pathos and logos to makes his argument stronger in the movie. (Thesis) The main technique used by Michael Moore to get attention of the people is Pathos. In the first few scenes of the movie, the director has shown a man who is sewing his own knee, a 79 year old man who is working still to pay his prescriptions and an old man who had to decide which finger he would use to pay for to get fixed. These scenes are emotionally charging and make the audience feel the pain and agony undergone by people. The audience gets connected with the people in the movie and sympathizes for them. These scenes project the pathetic health care situation in America and how people suffer despite they are in a rich country. The pathetic condition of people is the core pathos used by director in the movie. In this movie, the husband of a woman who works for a hospital gets denied for bone marrow transplantation because it not a mandatory surgery. He dies after few w eeks. Here the pathos is used in a great way as the viewers connects with the wife through the interview and gets attached and sympathize for her. Another major example in the movie is where a mother is interviewed on a playground; this is an emotional scene as she had lost her daughter. The reason why Michael Moore is instilling such scenes in movie is to portray the audience about the poor health care system in US. As per (Bradshaw) â€Å"This magnificent new film from Michael Moore is a timely reminder of the grotesque mess that Americans have made for themselves with healthcare, and how insidiously easy it would be for the same thing to happen to us, little by little†. The viewers feel disgusted and hate health insurance companies after the death of the man who was denied surgery. The movie has many interview instances and some people who have taken part in the interview have worked for treacherous heath insurance companies. These people have much knowledge about the comp anies and can be regarded as ethos of the argument. The people who are interviewed discuss and explain about the health insurance working system and principles. O ne good example of Michael Moore was when he interviewed a person who had the job of collecting history of clients to deny them claims. These instances make the audience understand the treacherous ways of health insurance companies. The author wants the public to understand how they are being fooled of money by the health insurance companies. This scene persuades the people to understand that ethics of health insurance companies are weak and the government is less concerned about this fact. The main aim of the director in making movie is to show the ignorance of public health in America. Michael Moore uses statistical information also to convey the pathetic health care situation in America. â€Å"Fifty million Americans do not have health insurance† (SICKO). This is opening statement of the movie. Right of the bat, Michael Moore announces a statistic that exclaims that there is something wrong with America’s health care. The use of statistics by Michael Moore is ideal because the movie is not only about statistics, but few of them prove his points. Another statistic that was impressive was â€Å"health care programs spent over 100 million dollars to beat Hilary and her view of socialized health care†. This shows the shrewd means of health care business and these statistics

Explaining behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Explaining behaviour - Essay Example The field of psychology is trying to groom personalities keeping in view that our actions are reflective of our thoughts. Human behaviour is a set of actions that a particular person exhibit as a reaction to the given state of affairs. In real life man can conclude by reasoning from self evident principles. Amazingly even after decades of advent of psychology, many theorists presented theories explaining behaviour yet they fail to present a standardized theory applicable to all individuals. This lack of harmony encountered by behaviourists concerning the behaviour problems signifies the complexity faced in the identification of behaviour problems and planning for intervention. Behaviour refers to the actions of an organism in relation to its environment. However (Papatheodorou, 2005) said that there is not a single definition of behaviour which can fully satisfy the people working with children. Everyone’s perspectives of understanding behaviour are different. Over the period of time many theories evolved trying to comprehend human behaviour in various aspects. A brief overview of the popular ones’ are discussed as follows: Behaviour in terms of biological perspective is the outcome of various biological principles such as genetics, evolution and brain activity. Our brain relates to perceptions, thinking, and other aspects of abnormal behaviour. Behaviour is largely understood as the result of electrochemical activities that take place within our nerve cells. (Gerrig J, 2007). Intervention means exerting an influence to modify current state of affairs. In order to treat the symptoms of mind disorders and emotional disturbance drug therapy is used which include regular use of prescribed medications for treatment. (www.minddisorders.com) Behaviourist perception is that ‘personality is a collection of learned behavioural patterns’. It continues to lay stress on objective observations

Relationship Between Knowledge and Belief. What Role Does Experience Essay

Relationship Between Knowledge and Belief. What Role Does Experience and Reason Play in Ensuring our Beliefs Are True - Essay Example What is important to note here is the underlying significance on the shaping up of beliefs. If these beliefs are not given the room to expand within their entireties, there is little one can do in essence. Similarly, experience and reason have got a due role within the relevant scheme of knowledge and beliefs. Experience comes with an understanding that things can be learned with the passage of time. As far as knowledge is concerned, teacher can teach knowledge but he cannot force his own self to change beliefs and opinions which take a long time to change essentially. Knowledge leads to experience after a particular task is worked upon. If the knowledge is not employed in a due capacity, experience will not be deemed as fruitful. Therefore, one must understand the dictum of positive change that shall dawn upon the entirety of an individual who wants to attain knowledge. If the knowledge is acquired, then only experience is derived from the same settings. The role of the teacher is t herefore an important one but it is the guidance that shall lead a student towards deducing what is deemed as a better alternative for him, and what shall not reap any rich dividends for his personality in the coming times. In order to make sure that our beliefs turn out to be true, the role of knowledge and experience working hand in hand with one another is a significant one. This is because both these elements work alongside one another to form up our beliefs which remain quintessential for us no matter how tough the circumstances and situations turn out to be at the end. The gravity of our beliefs is directly related with how our knowledge and experience shape up. This is because the beliefs are affected by the knowledge and experience regimes which are in place and which shall be the basis of comprehension within the related realms (Bratman, Fischer & Perry, 2009). The theory of knowledge is such that it would lead to immense understanding as it paves the way for alternatives a nd options. It gives the people a sense of belongingness and understanding – a fact that has been discussed, analyzed and relearned altogether with the advent of time. The beliefs need to be covered up with experience and knowledge which remain important for an individual until the time he is alive and bringing in value for his own entirety. The manner in which inductive influence comes about is an important one. This is because there is a sense of leading into things when inductive influence comes into the relevant equations. The inductive influence within the dynamics of beliefs comes in from research which is knowledge and the practical demonstration of work that leads up to experience. The mix of the two is indeed the belief that a person acquires and would long to have within his folds. What is significant here is an understanding that things shall be done properly if there is a certain belief behind the very same dictum. This will mean long term success for all and sund ry, an aspect which has been given much emphasis in the recent times by the people who study personalities and their direct and indirect effects and consequences. Therefore philosophy asks of the individuals to manifest their truest selves through understanding, research and practical experience. All of these tenets are given a decent cover under

Outsourcing Information Technology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outsourcing Information Technology - Case Study Example Information technology has many different fields and departments. BPO has under its wing contact centres, which are a major source of revenue saving for the company and also a major source of revenue for the company that acquired the BPO contract. The benefit of out sourcing the information technology is primarily to save a larger income of the company. This is particularly seen in the countries like United States and other western countries. If a company in US has to get the work done by one employee it has to spend at least not less than $5000 per month but when the same work is out sourced the company will get a more professional and quality work done by experts and also in time. They not only take's care of completing work in time but also supports after the completion of the project till the company requests for support. Out sourcing Information technology is also not an easy job, it requires expertise to allot work to the out sourced company. The company should know how to extract the right work in time. A team of dedicated individuals should be devoting to that work and should always check weather the work assigned in done properly and in time.

Personal centred care for older person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Personal centred care for older person - Essay Example Rather than continuing on and suffering through the hardships of continuing her rather vigorous daily routines, June realized that her career nor her students would benefit from the decreased level of energy and time that she could devote to them. Instead of allowing her work to be impacted negatively, June instead opted for retirement as this gave her the opportunity to devote maximal time and energy to the care of her declining health. June admitted to the fact that although she knew it was bad for her, she had been a chain smoker up until the point that her husband died. As such, she suffers from osteoporosis and emphysema; diseases that she says make it increasingly difficult to deal with life. This difficulty is due to the compounding nature of the symptoms. Although she was not diagnosed with either of these diseases prior to ending her teaching career, the symptoms and the hardships of dealing with both of them at the same time provides significant stress and hardship for her. June stated that one of the things that provides her a degree of comfort and happiness with respect to the aging process is that she has come to understand herself to a degree that she never before thought possible. In earlier life, she was quite concerned with the approval of others and what they thought about her or what she did. However, as she has come to be older, their approval is of less importance. Further, she also enjoys the fact that others have come to give her the respect that she feels has so long been due to her. As a result of her age, and partly to her health condition, individuals are more willing to listen to what she has to say and consider the needs or requests that she might have as compared to earlier in life. It is without question that her answer to these questions may well have heavily been impacted upon by her prior experience as a high school teacher. In addition to these aspects, June also

Commercial Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Commercial Law - Essay Example Whenever there is a bridge in the contract, the law provides a remedy for the damages or monetary compensation. Section 14 of the Sales of Good Act 1979 of the UK governs the formation of commercial contracts involving the buying and selling of goods. The act deals with implied terms and presumptions which reflect commercial expectations in the formed contract. It also outlines few compulsory legal rules to be followed in the formation of commercial contracts. Section 14 of the Act specifies the terms of satisfactory quality of goods and the fitness for purpose of goods under sale. According to the section the seller is obligated to offer goods that are fit for the purpose for which they are being sold especially so if the buyer will reasonably depend on the seller’s expertise. According to Austen-Baker (a 125) an offer is made by one party called the offeror. Through the offer, they express their willingness to be bound to the other party. This can be expressed by the offeror through direct conduct, writing or orally. This is accepted by the other party called the offeree. It is only until the offeree communicates an acceptance to the offeror that the contract can become valid. This can be by action, writing or orally. Offers made orally give room for negotiations from the offeree. Alterations can be made or counter offers suitable to the offeree can be given after which a solid binding agreement is made. Atiyah (155) explains that the acceptance must indicate an agreement by the offeree to the terms used in the offer. This means there is already concurrence of wills between the two or more parties. It is better if the acceptance is put into a written form as future evidence against any breaches. This is because existence of agreement in the minds alone cannot be used by courts as evidence incase of breach of contract. The contract will be considered valid when writing, registration and signing has been completed by

Causes and Effects of Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes and Effects of Divorce - Essay Example Most of the marriage counselors highlight excessive intolerance, high temperaments, and poor communication to be the major causes of a failed marriage which are discussed in this paper along with the broad range of socioeconomic and psychological effects produced on both men and women by a failed marriage. Research done on poorly working marital relationships between husbands and wives presents the fact that women are emotionally much better groomed than men and they think that emotional handling is hugely important for appropriate maintenance of the marriage. They like to talk things over with their husbands and naturally demand suitable responses from them as well. On the other hand, most of the husbands are found completely oblivious to the difference in the emotional realities existing between men and women. Though, they do communicate with their wives at the beginning of the marriage as a way of maintaining a sense of closeness with their wives, they become less and less communicative with the passing time due to which the wives helplessly develop an inner void that is completely inescapable. The growing silence on the part of husbands also leads the wives to develop fake illusions like they may have lost charm due to which their men no more find them attractive and worth talking -to. Obviously, women squabble about the state of their marriages much passionately than men so and as they are more vocal about various problems which they encounter, the reduced responsiveness of their men proves to be an infuriating culprit which causes divorce. Incompatibility between partners, in terms of emotional and intellectual grooming, is also a major cause of divorce. Abusive relationship between husband and wife also leads them to destroy each other’s mental well being which leads them to initiate divorce settlement. (Rowd).

Racial Sensitivity in the Modern World Literature review - 4

Racial Sensitivity in the Modern World - Literature review Example In the research, individuals were asked to maintain their head below water and were promised that the longer they stayed under water, the more money their relatives would get. This was repeated with relatives of differing closeness such as brother, cousin, second cousin etc. The study found that the participants were naturally able to stay longer when doing it for those who were genetically close to them. The results of the study indicated why people are more likely to like those of their own race and distance themselves from those of other races or ethnic backgrounds. While it is not entirely clear whether race is a matter of genetics, it is obvious that people of the same race are more genetically related than those who are from different races. This difference in the race has brought many issues in the past to the point of warranting people to have better racial relations. Racial sensitivity is as a result of the conflict between the natural instinct that drives people to like the ir own race and place those of their own race before everyone else, and the rational part of the brain that tells one that that is no good. As civilized beings, humans are rational enough to know that they should not hate each other based on race, but still have to deal with an irrational, instinctive part within them that says otherwise. This indicates why there is so much racial sensitive in the social arena. At the same time, as a result of many years of activism, racial sensitivity has become very common especially in public life. Racial sensitivity can be seen in everything that people do. For instance, in most Hollywood movies, there is always a black man who in most cases is depicted as having some special abilities. This need to include only one person of the African American ethnic background and making him seem to have some special abilities can be seen as racial sensitive by the producers of the movie. For insane, in the movie Predators, the only black man in the movie wa s the only one who was able to detect the almost invincible predator. At the same time, he was the first character to die in the movie.     

AtlantiCare and the “Voice of the Customer” Essay Example for Free

AtlantiCare and the â€Å"Voice of the Customer† Essay Introduction Located in southeastern New Jersey, AtlantiCare is a nonprofit organization that provides acute and chronic health care services in the following areas: cancer, trauma, cardiac care, stroke, behavioral health, urgent care, hospice, home care, family medicine, occupational medicine, child care, early learning, and mission care for the homeless. Because of the nature of the services it provides quality is essential at AtlantiCare, and the organization delivers it. In fact, AtlantiCare applies the principles of total quality so comprehensively and consistently that the organization has received the prestigious Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. At the core of AtlantiCare’s quality program is a process the organization calls the â€Å"Voice of the Customer.† This is a five-phase process used to make the organization’s patients partners in its continual-improvement efforts. Voice of the Customer identifies patient requirements and then makes sure that AtlantiCare’s services satisfy these requirements. The company’s customer focus does not stop with external customers. It also includes internal customers-employees (Goetsh Davis, 2011). Total quality is not a concept anymore in day to day operations at AtlantiCare. It is part of the management team work ethic and philosophy, and the rest of the nonprofit company staff. AtlantiCare applies the principles of total quality in such a way that not only takes care of its customers, but also its internal customers. By doing so, the company has achieved organizational excellence. The case that follows is about the steps taken by the administration at AtlantiCare and also the lessons learned by the executives and the staff to become a world-class health care provider. Questions AtlantiCare has learned how to apply the principles of effective communication in a Total Quality setting. If total quality is the engine, communication is the oil that keeps it running. Much of what total quality is all about depends on effective communication. Without it, total quality breaks down. Some of the key elements of the total quality concept are customer focus (internal and external), total employee involvement and empowerment, leadership, teamwork, decision making, problem prevention, problem solving, and conflict resolution (Goetsh Davis, 2011). The core of the AtlantiCare’s Total Quality system is a process called the â€Å"Voice of the Customer.† This is a five-phase process used to make the organization’s patients partners in its continual-improvement efforts. Voice of the Customer identifies patient requirements and then makes sure that AtlantiCare’s services satisfy these requirements. The part that AtlantiCare applies perfectly well is the focus in its internal and external customers. This approach has giving the nonprofit company the information necessary to fix its mistakes and to reengineer its process, so AtlantiCare keeps its customers satisfied. Basically, what AtlantiCare does is to listen to all the stakeholders, following the principles of effective communication: message received, message understood. To listen responsively, managers and employees must learn to simultaneously use their ears, eyes, brains, and hearts. Responsive listening can pay substantial dividends for managers in a total quality setting (Goetsh Davis, 2011). PepsiCo and IKEA are among the top companies were people wants to work at. It is not only because these companies have a recognized name or they are multinational companies. It is basically because these two companies also apply Total Quality programs where listening the suggestions and concerns of its employees and customers is a very big component. According to IKEA Welcome Inside 2012 report they in many markets we are the employer of choice, and latest results from our co-worker satisfaction survey, VOICE, show a very high level of satisfaction among our co-workers. The VOICE result also identifies areas where we can improve. IKEA is listening actively. They paid attention to their employees. They are sensitive to the information they receive, and also they act in consequence. They are being creative by developing programs to help their employees to grow and develop. In 2012, PepsiCo was listed among the Top 25 ‘World’s Best Multinational Workplaces’ by the Great Place to Work Institute  (PepsiCo, 2012). PepsiCo is always looking for talent and sustainability for them it means to invest in their associates to help them succeed; providing a safe and inclusive workplace globally; and respecting, supporting and investing in the local communities where they operate. In all of their markets, they are developing the talent of associates, preparing them to lead PepsiCo into the future. Through PepsiCo University and online courses offered by their global functions, more than 8,000 of their associates completed more than 11,500 courses in 2012. The professional development they offer to their associates enables them to develop the skills, capabilities and mindsets needed to drive sustainable financial performance and value creation. PepsiCo is combating the inhibitors of listening by providing to its employees with opportunities of professional development. Conclusion In order to have a Total Quality program that works effectively it is important to put at the core of the program the communication piece. Especially the information that is brought and communicated by the customers is the piece that has to have a mechanism that assures that it is inputted in to the Total Quality program. In the case of AtlantiCare, the nonprofit company has a system in place that voices the suggestions, complains, and demands of both customers: external and internal. The core of the AtlantiCare’s Total Quality system is a process called the â€Å"Voice of the Customer.† This is a five-phase process used to make the organization’s patients partners in its continual-improvement efforts. Voice of the Customer identifies patient requirements and then makes sure that AtlantiCare’s services satisfy these requirements. The part that AtlantiCare applies perfectly well is the focus in its internal and external customers. In the case of IKEA, the company has its own program called the â€Å"VOICE.† The VOICE result also identifies areas where we can improve. IKEA is listening actively. They paid attention to their employees. They are sensitive to the information they receive, and also they act in consequence. The area where this program could improve is in the external customer. According to this program they are only surveying the employees, but they are not taking in consideration the important information that the external customers have and can be used in the company’s advantage. On the other hand, in 2012, PepsiCo  was listed among the Top 25 ‘World’s Best Multinational Workplaces’ by the Great Place to Work Institute (PepsiCo, 2012), which means PepsiCo takes care of its internal customers. In all of their markets, they are developing the talent of associates, preparing them to lead PepsiCo into the future. Through PepsiCo University and online courses offered by their global functions, more than 8,000 of their associates completed more than 11,500 courses in 2012. PepsiCo provides for its employees professional developing opportunities and career growth, but they do not have a program in place that assures that its employees are providing information that could help the company. Less say they are not putting communication at the core of its Total Quality program. Finally, both companies could learn something from AtlantiCare by implementing Total Quality programs that included their external customers. Especially in the case of IKEA that sells directly to the final consumer. References David L. Goetsch, Stanley B. Davis. (2011) Quality Management for Organizational Excellence: Introduction to Total Quality, (7th Ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education IKEA Group (2012). Welcome inside 2012. Retrieved from http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/pdf/yearly_summary/ys_welcome_inside_2012.pdf PepsiCo (2012). Annual Report. Retrieved from http://www.pepsico.com/download/PEP_Annual_Report_2012.pdf

Motivation Skills Development Plan for Nursing

Motivation Skills Development Plan for Nursing Qi-Cai Liu Leadership has been described as a relational process in which an individual seeks to influence others towards a mutually desirable goal. (RNAO, 2013). To be an effective leader, the person must be able to create a compelling vision, build up a group, inspire and motivate the group to engage and achieve that vision (Mind Tools, 2015a). Nursing is a discipline which combines the scientific caring and political action (CNA, 2009). Nursing leadership plays an essential role in the nurses life. It influences the healthy outcome of the patients, nurses, organizations, and even the health system. According to the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO, 2002), each nurse, across all domains, needs to demonstrate leadership in her/his nursing professional practice by providing and advocating the best service to the client/public. Registered nurses at the entry-level are required to have the ability or skills to build up a trust relationship with the clients and colleagues, to create a safe pract ice environment, to develop the knowledge in nursing science, and to balance the conflict values and priorities (CNO, 2014). Therefore, all the nurses need to start their leadership development during their education process. As a nursing student, I also plan to develop my leadership skills to meet the requirement from the CNO professional standards. There are two surveys,which are well designed to assess the leadership skills and motivations, are available at Mind Tools website (2015b). To identify my current leadership skills, I completed these two surveys and the results are shown in the appendix A and B. This paper is trying to analyze the two survey results and then to identify the strengths and weakness of my leadership, and then create a plan to improve my leadership skills within my current acute care clinical practice by applying the transformational leadership practices. Survey Results Analysis According to the leadership standard (CNO, 2002), nursing leadership requires many personal characteristics and skills, such as respect, relationship, trust, self-knowledge, learning, communication, integrity. To assess my leadership abilities, I completed two well-designed online surveys (Mind Tools, 2015b). One is How Good are Your Leadership Skills and one is Leadership Motivation Assessment. The survey results are shown in the appendix A and B. For the survey of How good are your leadership skills? there are 18 statements which are designed to assess the personal characteristics and transformational leadership. I got a score of 58 out of 90 (See appendix A), which implies that my current overall leadership is at medium level and there are many areas I need to improve. Personal characteristics refer to the traits of a leader, such as the respect, trust, self-confidence, empathy, positive attitude, honesty, outlook, and emotional intelligence. Personal characteristics are the important part of the leadership. It influences the success or failure of leadership. In the survey, the personal characteristic part includes three components: self-confidence, positive attitude and outlook, and emotional intelligence. The survey designers think that the self-confidence and positive attitude are the two key fundaments for leadership, as they believe that people like to be friends with the person with high self-confidence, and the person with a positive attitude is also easier to inspire and motivate the surround people. The survey designers also think the emotional intelligence is important for the leader to build up interpersonal relationships, which contributes to the leadership. I got a score of 7 out of 10 in all those three components, which indicates that I already have certain personal characteristic strengths. However, there are still some spaces need to improve. For examples, my self-confidence will fluctuate according to my abilities to perform certain things. I may have a negative attitude in a helpless situation. I may bring my personal emotion into the workplace when I lost control of it. To be an effective nursing leader in the future, I need to strength these leadership related personal characteristics, as well as those didnt include in the survey. Transformational leadership refers to a process leadership style that the leader identifies the requirement of change, creates a vision, delivers the vision to the team, and inspires the team to execute the change (Wikipedia, 2015a). Transformational leadership is one dominating theory in the nursing leadership practice and research (Hutchinson and Jackson, 2013). In the survey of How good are your leadership skills? the transformational leadership part consists five components (Mind Tools, 2015c): providing a compelling vision of the future, motivating people to deliver the vision, being a good role model, managing performance effectively, and providing support and stimulation. I got a score of 7 out of 10 in the components of being a good role model and managing performance effectively, which indicates that I will be able to present myself as an example for the followers and manage performance by setting up clear rules or expected targets. I got a score of 13 out 20 in the componen t of providing support and stimulation, which implies there are more spaces to improve my ability of stimulating the followers and my competency of providing support during the facilitating process. I usually think people need to very smart to stimulate other people, otherwise it will be very hard. For the component of providing a compelling vision of the future, I got a score of 6 out of 10, which indicates I am not good at providing a good vision. That is certainly true as I thought it is too hard or complicate to make a plan for the future as there are so many unpredictable changes would occur. However, I just learned that a good leader is able to adapt to the changing of the environment during the progress. Therefore, I need to develop this ability from now. I only got a score 4 out of 10 in the component of the motivating people to deliver the vision, which is the worst score over the all parts of the survey. However, it showed out the truth that I am not good at to motivate so meone else to deliver the vision. To be a good leader, it is not only required to create and deliver a vision, but also required to be able to motivate other people to help him/her to deliver the vision. Thus, I need to put more effort to improve this ability in the future nursing practice. For the second survey of The leadership motivation assessment(Mind Tools, 2015d), there are 14 statements which are designed to assess the motivation to lead. I got a score of 51 out of 70 (See appendix B), which implies that my current motivation to lead is at medium level and needs to improve. I always think that lead other people do something is the most challenging task. If people dont have good leadership skills, they will feel very stressful as the majority of their lead attempts will be not succeed. Based on this thinking, my motivation to be a leader is not very high. I am like to communicate with and build up positive relationships with other people. I am also like to participate group activities, and contribute my ideas to them. It is fine for me to help other people to fix the problems. However, when it comes to motivating some people to do something, I am not very confident with that. I do not like to face the frustration when receiving the refuse. I also do not know how to deal with those people who are hard to be motivated. As a result, I usually like to cooperate with other people rather than to lead or motivate them. However, as a nursing student, I am required to develop my leadership competencies to meet the professional standards (CNO, 2002). Therefore, it is the time for me to promote my leadership motivation. Based on the above analysis, I identified some my leadership strengths, which including: self-confidence, positive attitude and outlook, emotional intelligence, being a good role model, managing performance effectively. However, to be a good leader, I think these areas still need to further develop in the future practice. Besides that, I also found my weaknesses to be a leader, which including: providing a compelling vision of the future, motivating people to deliver the vision, providing support, as well as increasing motivation to lead. I need to start now to put some effort to improve these weaknesses. Motivation Skills Development Plan As mentioned above, leadership is one of the seven nursing professional standards (CNO, 2002). Therefore, as a nursing student, I need to cultivate my leadership competencies and develop my leadership skills from now. Based on the two surveys, I identified several weaknesses in my leadership, such as providing a compelling vision of the future, motivating people to deliver the vision, providing support, as well as increasing motivation to lead. I think all of those areas are deserve to improve as they are the important components of leadership. However, in contrast with others, I think the skill of motivating people to deliver the vision is very urgent for me to improve as I only got a score of 4 out of 10 in the first survey. Here, I am trying to set up a plan to develop motivating skills during my current acute care clinical practice. As mentioned above, the main barrier for me to motivate other people is that I dont know how to motivate them, and I lack some skills. Therefore, the goal of this plan is to identify some strategies and develop my motivating competency through applying them in the clinical practice. After reviewing some literature articles, I find the following three strategies are helpful for the development. My first strategy is to set up effective visions in the clinical practice. According to the Mind Tools (2015e), setting up a clear and achievable vision is essential to build up a motivating environment. There is no motivation if there is no vision. The ambiguous and immeasurable vision will increase the challenge to motivate. An achievable and challenging vision will make people feel more important and valuable, and result in easier to motivate. Therefore, to improve motivating ability, I need to develop my ability for providing an effective vision, which is also one of my leadership weaknesses from the survey result. To achieve that, I plan to take the following tactics in the clinical practice. First, I will try to design some effective visions or goals which relate to the acute nursing care. According to Mind Tools (2015e), an effective goal should have the features of specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time (SMART). I will make sure each goal can meet these five feature s after designing. For example, during the patient discharge education, I will create a SMART goal like this: patient will state that he knew how to use the leg bag catheter before the discharge. Second, I will ensure each goal is consistent. According to the Mind Tools (2015e), if a goal is inconsistent with the persons long term goals, it will cause the person confusion and go to the wrong directions. Therefore, in the clinical practice, I will assess each proposed goal to see whether it matches the patients long term goals. For example, if I provide a goal which is not consistent with the patients other goals, it will be every hard or even impossible to motivate this patient to achieve it. Third, I will put some challenge in the goal. According to the Mind Tools (2015e), people usually work harder if you put more expects of them. If a goal is too simple and too easy to achieve, people may not be motivated to do it as it doesnt have any challenge. People are like to perform import ant, valuable changes. For example, if I set a goal to motivate other nursing students to increase their communication times with their patients during each shift, the nursing students may think it is too simple to do. Therefore, putting challenge in the goal will increase the possibility for motivation. In summary, I believe my competency in providing effective visions will be improved if I can persistently apply the above three tactics in the clinical practice. My second strategy to improve the motivating skill is to build trust relationships with the patients, nurse staffs, instructor, and other nursing students during the clinical practice. As we know, having a trust relationship is the foundation to motivate other people in the leadership practice, and trust can bring out the best in each individual (RNAO, 2013). Therefore, I need to learn some trust relationship building skills to improve my motivating ability. To build up and maintain a trust relationship throughout the clinical practice, I plan to take the following tactics which are the recommendations from the Best Practice Guideline (RNAO, 2013). First, I will show my care, respect, and concerns. I will recognize and respect the different values and beliefs without judgement and criticism. When providing nursing care to the patient, I will respect the patient autonomy decision. I will show my empathy and provide nursing care to the patients for their illness. Second, I will demonst rate integrity and fairness during the practice. I will openly share my values and beliefs to the patients and other nursing students. I will increase the culturally sensitive during the practice. I will set up clear performance standards to make sure the fairness during the nursing care. If I made a mistake by accident, I will admit it and take the responsibility. I will also keep the commitments during the nursing care. For example, if I said to the patient that I will come back to see him/her soon, I will implement it. Otherwise, I will lose the trust of this patient. Third, I will demonstrate the role competency and promote the teamwork. I will apply the medical and pharmacological knowledge, as well as the relationship and leadership knowledge during the practice. I will promote my collaborative relationship with other health work providers. I will give assistance to the other nursing students when they needed. I will also receive and acknowledge the helps from other nursing st udents and nurse staffs in the unit. In summary, I will be able to build up a trust relationship based on the above three tactics. However, it may be harder to maintain a trust relationship than building it. There are so many factors can cause the losing of trust, such as the inconsistency between the actions and says, seeking for the personal interesting, lie, and withhold information (RNAO, 2013). Therefore, I need to put more efforts on that during the clinical practice. My third strategy to improve my motivating ability is to identify the differences between individuals. To achieve the goal of motivating, rigid techniques should be avoided as each individual has his/her specific features. According to the Hersey Blanchard situational leadership theory (Wikipedia, 2015b), there are four mature level of the followers: M1, M2, M3, and M4. The M1 followers are lacking specific skills and are unwilling to make changes. The M2 followers are lacking specific skills, but are willing to make changes. The M3 followers are experienced, but unwilling to make changes. The M4 followers are experienced and willing to make changes. As a result, different motivation skills should be adapted according to the followers maturity level. For example, when I am trying to motivate a patient to make some healthy behavior changes, I will firstly identify the maturity level of this patient by assessing his/her willingness and capacity. If the patient has the willingness and c apacity, I may just need to tell him/her to make the change. If the patient has willingnesses but not has capacity, I may need to find out the tools to help her/him build up the capacity. If the patient doesnt have willingness but has capacity, I may need to focus on the strategies of motivation, such as assisting the patient to identify and overcome the barriers. If the patient does not have the both willingness and capacity, it will be more challenge as I am not only need to motivate but also need to help build up the capacity. In this way, I will be able to use different techniques to motivate people according to their characteristics. By applying the above three strategies in my current acute care clinical practice, I anticipate to improve my competencies of setting up compelling visions, building up trust relationship, and identifying the differences between individuals in clinical. As a result, I will increase my ability of motivation at the end. During this process, I will also be able to evaluate the ethical and legal nursing care standards in the current acute care unit when I am designing the compelling vision. I will learn how to evaluate the professional standards and guidelines and apply them in the clinical practice. For example, I learned the strategies of building up trust relationship from the Best Practice Guideline (RNAO, 2013), and I will use this knowledge to build up the trust relationship in the clinical practice. I will learn how to analysis the leadership theories and use them to lead the change during nursing practice. For example, I will use the Hersey Blanchard situational leadership theory to assess the maturity level of each individual. After obtaining some motivation competencies, I will try to practice little leadership among the nursing student group. References Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO). (2013). Healthy work environments best practice guidelines: Developing and sustaining nursing leadership. Retrieved from http://rnao.ca/bpg/guidelines/developing-and-sustaining-nursing-leadership. Mind Tools. (2015a). What is leadership? Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_41.htm. Mind Tools. (2015b). Leadership skills: Become an exceptional leader. Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/main/newMN_LDR.htm. Mind Tools. (2015c). How good are your leadership skills? Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_50.htm. Mind Tools. (2015d). The leadership motivation assessment: How motivated are you to lead? Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_01.htm. Mind Tools. (2015e). How good are your motivation skills? Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_67.htm. Canadian Nurse Association (CNA). (2009). Position Statement: Nursing leadership. Retrieved from http://www.cna-aiic.ca/~/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/nursing-leadership_position-statement.pdf?la=en. College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO). (2002). Professional Standards: Leadership. Retrieved from http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/prac/41006_ProfStds.pdf. College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO). (2014). Competencies for entry-level Registered Nurse Practice. Retrieved from: http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/reg/41037_EntryToPracitic_ final.pdf?epslanguage=en. Wikipedia. (2015a). Transformational leadership. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformational_leadership Wikipedia. (2015b). Situational leadership theory. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situational_leadership_theory Hutchison, M. Jackson, D. (2013). Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation. Nursing Inquiry, 20 (1), 11–22. doi DOI: 10.1111/nin.12006.

Racism And American History X Analysis Film Studies Essay

Racism And American History X Analysis Film Studies Essay Racism is one of the most revolting things within the vicinity of humanity. In the world today, the globalization process happen around the world and people come together to exchange the culture, information, technology, education and knowledge, however another side of society always try to ignore other people with different color by violent, the unawareness, and their behavior. Recently, 15 Jan 2011 ATHENS (Reuters) Far-right protesters threw stones at a pro-migrant march in Athens on Saturday before being dispersed by bursts of teargas, police said, in the latest sign of tension over the capitals growing immigrant population. Over 1,000 members of anti-racism groups, leftists and immigrants were marching in central Athens to protest against a controversial plan to build a fence at the border with Turkey to stop illegal immigrants from entering Greece. Over 100 members of neo-Nazi groups and about 200 local residents attacked the leftists and other protesters with stones. The poli ce used several rounds of teargas and flash grenades a police official said. According to Time magazine, from 2007 to 2009, in Australia, a series of brutal assaults and robbery happen to Indian students have sparked a wave of violence and protest group in Sydney and Melbourne. Violence is not the only one trouble that Australia concern, beside they are also struggling with a wave of extreme patriotism of a group of young Australia. The risk that the students from South Asian countries are faced not merely small attacks. There are some Neo-Nazi attacks around the world recently. ABOUT THE AMERICAN HISTORY X American History X is an American drama film which was named by Empire magazine in 2008 as one of the greatest movie of all the time (Wiki). The movie was a corporation of many talented people such as: Tony Kaye (the versatile director who won a Grammy Award), the film script was written by David McKenna; John Morrissey is the producer, music by Anne Dudley. This film was distributed by New Line Cinema. It is first debut in 1998. The 2-hour movie got a big number in cross revenue, $23,875,127. (Wiki) However, the movie was got an R because of many violence scenes with fighting, bad language (such as: f**k, what the hell, bullshit, etc . . . during the film). The background of it is Venice Beach in Los Angeles, California, USA with a strong actor force. ACTOR/ ACTRESS ROLE Edward Norton Derek Vinyard Edward Furlong Danny Vinyard Beverly DHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_DAngeloHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_DAngeloAngelo Doris Vinyard Avery Brooks   Dr. Robert BobSweeney Stacy Keach   Cameron Alexander Jennifer Lien Davina Vinyard Fairuza Balk Stacey Elliott Gould Murray Ethan Suplee Seth Ryan Guy Torry Lamont William Russ Dennis Vinyard Joseph Cortese Rasmussen Keram Malicki-Sà ¡nchez Chris Giuseppe Andrews Jason Christopher Masterson Daryl Dawson Paul Le Mat McMahon These actors and actress were working really hard to give a very successful movie about Neo-Nazi. Especially, Edward Norton got an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance as Derek in American History X. (Wiki) SUMMARY The American History X is one of the greatest movies ever. Throughout the movie, the past and present are mixed together. The past was in black and white. And the present was in color. My summary will be arranged by time line. The movie told a story with two main characters: Derek and Danny Vinyard. Their father was a fireman who was working their current city. Mr Vinyard was killed by a black addicted guy while he was fighting a fire in a black neighborhood. After that accident, Derek was frustrated about black communication. Therefore, he joined the D.O.C, a Neo-Nazi gang. Derek was the leader of that group. He used to lead his group to destroy and demolish a shop in the town. Derek also won a game with black group at local basketball court to own the play place. One night, two black teen tried to steal Dereks truck (which is given by his father). Derek used gun to shoot them and killed one of them. Danny looked at the terrible sense. Derek was judged to prison in 3 years. At this time, he met and was friends with a black inmate in the laundry room. And, he realized what he had done were absolutely wrong. He changed his mind and accepted black people. Danny tries to follow Dereks mistakes. Danny joined the Neo-Nazi group. After backing home, Derek tried to pull his younger brother out of the dark marsh (the Neo-Nazi group). After existing of the Neo-Nazi group, the two brothers backed home and threw away all the D.O.C stuffs. In the end of the movie, Danny was killed by a black student before giving his assignment (the assignment is about Dereks incarceration) at the restroom of Dannys school. ANALYSIS In the first inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln said that: We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory will swell when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. This lesson can be learned from the American History X which contains the differences in culture origin and the human fear of the unknown. The following paragraph below will discuss main theme of the movie. In the film, the main conflict of the story occurs because of the two different types of culture. Actually, culture can be defined in many ways. However, it can be known in three main ways. Culture is the taste of art and humanities. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture#Cultural_studies). Culture is human knowledge, belief, and behavior. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture#Cultural_studies). Or, it is a set of attitudes, values, goals, and practices. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture#Cultural_studies). Therefore, the different cultures can cause bad affect in communication. For example, Kissing on the cheeks of others is a kind action in western countries. However, in Vietnam, it is consider as an impolite type. During the two-hour of the movie, there are a lot of violence, dark, and terrible scenes. All of the main characters actions come from propaganda. When Derek was a kid, his father used to talk about the black communication. This makes his mind to contain a bad image about the color people in the USA. After the death of his father, he became a Neo-Nazi (his father death was caused by a black addicted guy when he was fighting a fire in the black neighborhood). That is one of the reason Derek joined D.O.C group. The leader of the group scatters thoughts about the color people. One time, Derek led a Neo-Nazi group who were fueled by drugs, beer, tattoos, and heavy metal attacked a small super market in the town. The violent and poignant scene scored a very sad motion for the viewers. The discrimination, racism, prejudice of the Neo-Nazi was built on different culture origin. Their thought is ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the belief that his/her culture is superior to others. In interna tional business, it describes a company or individual so imbued with the belief that what worked at home should work abroad that it ignores societal differences (John, Lee H., and Daniel, 2007, International Business, 11th edition, Pearson, New Jersey Article: Charles Martin in Uganda, pp. 72) In another the scene at the play yard, Derek had a basketball game. Derek was fighting with the black guys to own the yard. During the game, there are many collisions between the black and white. This scene seems to be usual in the real life. The disruption of one group with others happens every day. It can be economic class, color skin, education, or many things else. The difference of opinion between Derek and his family can cause violence, swear worlds, etc. . . . At that point of time, Dereks attitude was totally different from his family. Therefore, he treated his family so badly. He heaped insults on his mother and her boyfriend. He blustered and hit his sister. The dinner was broken like the happiness of the family. The most terrible image of the American History X is the first scene. Derek shot the two black guys who tried to steal his truck in the night. After killing one of them, Derek was smile and satisfies. However, Danny who was standing behind felt wretched because of the Dereks action. It seems the racism is in every cell of Dereks body. The unknown of culture origin that make Derek and Danny cost a very high cost ever. Danny was shot by a black student in the end of the movie. The death of Danny will be the biggest lesson ever in the Derek life. THE CAUSES OF RACISM One of the causes for this event is stereotypes. Through media communication like television, radio, internet, book, movie, etc. which are the potential for mirror to build characteristics of the youth. When a person, especially one that is very young, is joined to stereotypes of a specific group for the first time, then that person will learn and get all knowledge by that way. Moreover, when a negative source is always displaying the perception of the youth about a particular race, then it will influence the thinking and opinions as well. Besides, Unfamiliarity is also the most common cause of racism. People concern what they do not know or understand. When people grow in one race of people, they will have a trend to join in the group of the same race or same color, because they dont know about another race, they afraid of other color skin who maybe effect them or do something harm to them, so they try to avoid, deny, ignore them. Selfishness is another obvious cause of racism. In c ase Australia, Indian students speak their language and they get a trouble with the local students because they dont speak English in public, besides the government also try to give more advantages for the local white skin students than the other skin, so they accidentally raise the racist in their community. Furthermore, the local citizen, especially white skin people, afraid of the position in society, job. They think the color skin people take their job, their money as well as their social position. They just want anything in their country belong to them. Family education is also a reason of racism. When parents and significant others have racism thinking, they almost express and teach it to their children, the child will incorporate those knowledge into their mind, cognitive, intellectual, emotional and frameworks of life. For that reason, children will grow up with the racism in mind and they never forget. Unless such the individual have experiences in living in many conditions living, spending time with many groups of race and understanding the difference of other race, they will change their mind like the content of film American History X below. Those are the 4 main reasons which cause racism. In general, racism is one of the most terrible things that will affect the characteristic of person and change the basic instinct of human. To avoid the happen of racism around the world, we must first solve the basic problems, which are: stereotypes, unfamiliarity, selfishness, and Family education. When we solve the problem, the racism will not appear anymore. CONCLUSION Racism happens in the world because of many reasons which are: stereotypes, unfamiliarity, selfishness, and Family education. They represent and fighting for their values, fear, norms and beliefs. Therefore, the most dangerous thing for mankind is a lack of knowledge. Address knowledge helps us understand the differences in culture, value, as well as beliefs. It is a premise to help us understand the different races of the world.

Free Canterbury Tales Essays: Rape and Power in The Wife of Bath :: free essay writer

Rape and Power in The Wife of Bath  Ã‚  Ã‚   Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London in 1340 (Fuller 12). Geoffrey Chaucer's fortunes were closely bound with these of John Of Gaunt, the son-in-law to the Earl of Derby (Fuller 12). Around the year 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer was charged with rape by a woman named Cecily Chaumpaigne (Williams 28). It is most likely that a distinguishable character, such as Chaucer would not have been guilty of this charge. However, the word "rape" probably referred to abducting rather than assaulting a woman as it means today (Halliday 68). Cecily Chaumpaigne in 1380 released Chaucer of all charges of "raptu meo," a phrase that could be interpreted as "seizing me" (Williams 28). It is possible that this allegation of rape brought on to Chaucer by Cecily Chaumpaigne, is the very reason behind the Tale of the Wife of Bath.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Wife of Bath was a plump, florid, jolly, bold, lusty, and voluptuous woman. She was the most valuable of women. The wife of bath cannot resist telling her companions about all of her sexual experiences. She has had five husbands. Her husbands fell into two categories. The first category of husbands was: rich, but also old and unable to fulfill her demands, sexually that is. The other husbands were sexually vigorous, but harder to control. The first three were rich, old, and jealous. She tamed them by accusing them of promiscuous behavior, that she herself practiced. Her fourth husband had a mistress, so she "gave him a real cause for jealousy" (Halliday 119). At the funeral of her first husband she fell in love with the legs of an Oxford clerk. Although he was half her age, he became her fifth husband. This marriage was unhappy because he beat her. To anger her fifth husband, the wife of Bath tore three pages from his book. After this he beat her again. She pretended to be dead and he felt so guilty that he threw his whole book in the fire. This gave her the upper hand for the rest of his life. She presently is looking for a sixth husband when her character is introduced (Halliday 119).   Ã‚  Ã‚   The tale The Wife of Bath tells us all is about a Knight who ultimately rapes a maiden and is sent by the queen on a quest to seek out what it is that women want most.

Physics of Swimming Essay -- physics swim swimming

The study of physics and fluid dynamics in swimming has been a field of increasing interest for study in the past few decades among swimming coaches and enthusiasts. Despite the long history of research, the understanding of how to move the human body effectively through the water is still in its infancy. Competitive swimmers and their coaches of all levels are constantly striving for ways to improve their stroke technique and overall performance. The research and performances of today's swimmers are continuously disproving the beliefs of the past. Like in all sports, a better understanding of physics is enabling the world class swimmers to accomplish times never before thought possible. This was displayed on the grandest of scales in the 2000 Olympics when Ian Thorpe, Inge De Bruijn, Pieter Van Den Hoogenband and a number of other swimmers broke a total of twelve world records and numerous Olympic and national records. Several forces play significant roles in the movement of the human body through the water. The forces are drag, lift, gravity and buoyancy. Lift and drag are the main propulsive forces that are used by swimmers. Resistance, known as drag, can be broken into three main categories: frontal resistance, skin friction, and eddy resistance. The effect of buoyancy in swimming is best described by Archimedes’ principle: a body fully or partially submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid that is displaced by the body.1 This effectively negates any effects that gravity might have on a swimmer. The rare exception to this is a swimmer with very little body fat, and this is overcome by keeping the lungs inflated to a certain degree at all times. Frontal... ...s, but through her intense regiment of endurance training she was recently able to win two Olympic gold medals. A select few swimmers go beyond momentum and energy and use power to its fullest and have no competition, like Ian Thorpe or the once great Alex Popov. Works Cited 1 David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, Extended, 5th ed. (NewYork:Wiley, 1997) 361 2 Cecil M. Colwin, Swimming Into the 21st Century, (Champaign: Human Kinetics, 1992) 20-32, 58-59 3 James E. Counsilman and Brian E. Counsilman, The New Science of Swimming, (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1994) 6-7 4 James E. Counsilman and Brian E. Counsilman, The New Science of Swimming, (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1994) 10-22 5 Robert E. Schleihauf, "A biomechanical analysis of freestyle." Swimming Technique, 1974, 11(3), 89-96

Views of Slavery and Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreaus Work

Views of Slavery and Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau's Works Two men, similar in their transcendentalist beliefs and yet so different in their methods of expressing their beliefs on handling the issues of society, were major voices in the anti-slavery movement. While their focuses are more on the subjects of morality and individual choice, they still reflect on how slavery should be addressed by the American people, American referring to the free whites who actually make the decisions. Ralph Waldo Emerson is highly regarded for his views on Transcendentalism during what some of deemed the â€Å"American Renaissance.† Emerson establishes his place in history by expressing his liberal agenda through his beliefs that truth is based on intuition and law should be based on individual reflection. He believes that the only way one could truly learn about life is by ignoring knowledge from outside sources and relying on one’s internal voice; he incorporates this belief into the convincing rhetoric of â€Å"Last of the Anti-Slavery L ectures.† While Emerson asserts his views on self reliance, he is really trying to sway the views of his audience. This makes us ask the question: Is he really right, or is he only convincing us that he is right? Henry David Thoreau, however, serves as both a complement and a foil for Emerson; while he also expresses his transcendental beliefs, he converges on a split between these beliefs and reason. He articulates his ideas in â€Å"Slavery in Massachusetts,† a piece that illustrates how Thoreau separates himself from his own state because of his â€Å"contempt for her courts† (1991). While some would argue that Thoreau is somewhat of a better writer than Emerson, it cannot be denied that one cannot reach... ...ety. He strengthens his views with his inclusion of images of nature and his comparative analysis of the beauty of nature with the good of society. Both men support transcendental views that complement each other’s beliefs. While their paths to the solution differ, the resolution that slavery is an unscrupulous product of an immoral society unites their views. Works Cited Cadava, Eduardo. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism 98 (2001): 38-54. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Last of the Anti-Slavery Lectures." Ed. Baym, Nina. The Norton Anthology American Literature 6th ed., Vol A. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. 1207-1216 Eulau, Heinz. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism 21 (1989): 329-332. Hyman, Stanley Edgar. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism 7 (1984): 384-388. Thoreau, Henry David. â€Å"Slavery in Massachusetts.† Baym 1982-1992.

Generational Difference

Generational difference Sometimes, I sit and wonder why living habits, trends and living standards never change. I live in a world where there is more technology and freedom than my parents had during their young adulthood. I have always wondered what people are thinking when they do things they know are wrong such as killing someone or stealing something. Sometimes it is very hard to see things from other people’s point of view. The differences in our minds, ages, and personalities, When I look at my parents I see someone I look up to someone I admire. My grandparents are a whole other story.I was sitting in my grandparent’s living room having dinner; my grandmother was walking around not eating seeing if she could get anything for anyone. She did everything for us. Especially my papaw she does everything for him fixes his dinner, his drink, lays out his clothes, it’s like she’s his servant. Do not misunderstand me. When I marry I will do everything for m y husband. But I expect a certain amount of respect in return the bible says in Colossians 3:19â€Å"Husbands, love your wives, and do not be harsh with them†. My papaw does respect my grandmother but not enough in my opinion.So as you can see this is due to our generational gap. When my grandma was a young woman she was expected to marry have children and care for the home. This day in age it doesn’t matter, more and more women would rather stay single then cook and clean for her husband. They would prefer to â€Å"play the field† and that’s fine so long as you are rooted and grounded in the word of God. The bible says in Hebrew 13:4 â€Å"Marriage is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled: but whoremongers and adulterers God will judge. † In other word keep yourself pure for your husband or wife!

Why Rhode Island Was the Most Democratic Colony

Ameri rear Essay The genuine xiii colonies, from groundbreaking Virginia, first settled in 1612, to the bountiful Carolinas originating in the class of 1670. In 1636, twenty four years after the formation of Virginia, the revolutionary Rhode Island came to be. though settled ternary-hundred and s issuingy-six years ago, Rhode Island at that time, still holds similarities to what it means to be Ameri fuel today. America is synonymous with freedom, tolerance of those different, equality, and majority rule.Rhode Island commode be considered the some American of tot each(prenominal)y thirteen original colonies, because it supported separationist govern ment, pr cropiced spectral tolerance, and had a democracy from the start. Rhode Island may never have came to be, if non for Roger Williams. After being exiled from the milliampere bespeak colonisation, for endorsement of a separatist movement, It was he who relocated to present day Rhode Island. At that time, Massachusetts, was a habituation ruled by Puritans. These wad were anti-separatists, which means that they did non recollect in the separation of perform and state.Any occupier living in Massachusetts, careless(predicate) of apparitional affiliation was craved to pay taxes to the puritan church. The churches only problem was non the fate of taxes, save likewise their efforts to run across early(a) aspects of the colonists lives. Massachusetts had a certain kind of feel to it, and the Puritans treasured to assure that it stay that way. Puritans felt jeopardize by any kind of act that did non fit perfectly with their vox populi of what life should be like in their closure. For example, If two people were found to be showing any type of middle towards each new(prenominal) in general, they were fined.Puritans were once morest the answer of ceremonies, or any type of event containing music. They believed that music was an expression non saturated enough for their way of life. Puritans refused to celebrate conglomerate holidays, such(prenominal) as Christmas. They also would not each(prenominal)ow certain staples of religious hold to be involved in their worship. Candles, or religious images were not permitted in church service. Many forms of entertainment were not allowed in Puritan villages. Gambling or new(prenominal) games of chance were outlawed. Plays of any genre were not allowed.Laughing in public was forbidden, because it suggested that devilish or demonic spirits inhabited you. The Puritans worked to homosexualoeuvre every aspect of a persons life. Roger Williams, split up of Rhode Island, would have n unity of it. From the start Williams allowed Rhode island-d sanitaryers many freedoms, as well as creating a separatist government, in whatsoever ways, the first of its kind. Williams did not require citizens to attend church, and did not let laws intercept with a some geniuss personalised life. He believed that it was not the churches /governments right to control such things.Though the people of Rhode island did pay taxes, these taxes went to the government, not a state church. The lack of these laws can be considered very American by modern standards. When looking at the rural now, unmatchable can see that on that point is an absence of laws re uncompromisinging Humans actions and rights, past from cruel and unjust acts. Each single has freedom of speech, and is allowed to express their minds openly. The US does not outlaw many types of entertainment, music, holidays, or public displays of humor or affection. Rhode Island partings this in putting surface with the present day US.The same cannot be said of the Massachusetts Bay dependency. Rhode Island was one of only four colonies whose government did not have an official religion. The Carolinas, Maryland, New York, and Virginia all supported the Anglican church, While Massachusetts, computerized axial tomography and New Hampshire all chose to support the congregational church. This proves that Rhode Island was uniquely and unconscionably American for its time. Rhode Island can again be considered American because of its do of complete religious tolerance, this was unheard of in nearly otherwise colonies in these times.Williams allowed anyone, regardless of religious affiliation to reside in the state. Jews, reproachd by almost every other colony at the time, as well as Catholics were allowed to live in the boundaries of Rhode Island, and not fear punishment or persecution. yet the endlessly persecuted Quakers were allowed in Rhode Island. Quaker views were vastly different than that of leader Roger Williams, solely he believed that they should not be persecuted for this difference in opinion. When looking at the views of other colonies, one can see that they did no share the same ideals. Maryland claimed to be conscientiously tolerant.Created as a refuge for Catholics, one would assume that a place such as this would be t olerant of other religions, the Act of Toleration was passed in 1649, but was not as welcoming as it sounded. While giving freedom to Christians, it also stated the right to persecute all Jews, or atheists with no religious affiliation. Massachusetts was wildly intolerant of not Christians, excruciating and killing the Quakers, whom later fled to Rhode Island. All colonies reinforcement the Anglican church practiced religious tolerance to their fellow protestants, and in some cases even Catholics, but none would occupy those who denied the divinity of Jesus.Congregational colonies were even more strict in their tolerance of other religions. deviation from religion, Rhode Island was also tolerant of people that for other reason would not be get elsewhere. Those like Williams who had angered the leaders of their introductory residence were welcomed there. Anne Hutchinson, whom was also exiled from the Bay Colony is a famous resident of Rhode Island. Her Ideals were farthest fro m that or Williams, but still she was welcomed in his colony. Both rich and measly could flummox a home in Rhode island.It was distant the sprawling plantations of south-central Carolina, or Virginia where the poor were exiled from being squatters on the land, or the bad and powerful elites of aristocratic New York, irresponsible not just the government and economy, but the land as well. Rhode islands practice of tolerance, not only pertaining to religion, but also to the differing of ideals and sparing status, again shows that Rhode Island is the most American of the thirteen colonies. A third reason that Rhode Island can be considered the most American colony was its choose system.Rhode Island gave all men, who owned prop and payed taxes on said property the right to vote. Regardless of Religion, a man had this right. This was unheard of in many colonies at the time. Anglican colonies such as South Carolina and gallium, also allowed man holding men to vote, but only if they were of protestant religion. about colonies were even more strict with their voting rights. In the Massachusetts Bay Colony the government could not even be considered a democracy. The Freemen held the right to elect the governor annually as well as his cabinet.The freemen however, were few and far between. Only puritans could be freemen, and they were not even bailable until they were stated visible saints. This is when, at church, god inhabits a person, which causes him to convulse, or perhaps speak in tongues. Because of this rule, only few men were eligible to vote in elections. Rhode Islands suffrage law, allowed a vast number of citizens to vote, which in wring made Rhode Island on of the most elective of the colonies at the time. This again proves that Rhode Island was the most American of the Thirteen colonies.There are those that do not believe Rhode Island was the most American colony of our forefathers. Some may say that the most American colony was in detail Georgia. Evidence supports that this was not the case. Though Georgia supported separatist government, and did not sort out with any one religion, they did however persecute certain religious groups. Catholics. The Jewish, and Atheists were discriminated against and persecuted in Georgia, because of this, these people did not have the right to vote in any election, only practicing protestants could take part in elections.These shortcomings of the Georgia colony change it from being a truly American colony. Rhode Island can easily be considered the most American colony for many reasons. Rhode Island participated in separatist government, practiced religious espousal towards all religions, and promoted suffrage for a biggish amount of people at the time. When psyche is asked to describe America in trey words, one is willing to bet that those three words would be freedom, tolerance, and equality. Rhode island had the right idea hundreds of years ago, and our country has been inf luenced by these unproblematic ideas ever since.

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Most people have experienced prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination at some time in longer his or her life. There is no doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and bitter hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society. This paper will discuss prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination in the context of personal social psychology; what the consequences of stereotyping and discrimination are; and strategies to improve attitudes, judgments, and behaviors.Social psychologists recognize prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination â€Å"by focusing on whether they involve feelings (affect), cognition, or behaviors.Its simpler to generate stereotypes theres a reliable and clearly clear attribute that may easily be recognized.Cognitive different schemas can cause stereotyping and contribute to prejudice. Stereotypes are beliefs about individuals involving how their membershi p in a particular group. These beliefs can be positive, negative, or unbiased.Stereotypes concerning gender, ethnicity, or profession is common in many societies.Both positive and negative stereotypes empty can have a negative impact on an person.

† (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination, sub para 1). Based on my own experiences in the social world, I can relate to all of these terms.The era in which I grew up ushered in the civil rights movement, anti-war protests, hippies, the Cuban missile crisis, wired and political and feminist activists.It may get down in birth.Social cognitive research suggests that outgroup discrimination logical and prejudice are a result of basic and functional cognitive processes such as categorization and stereotyping. â€Å"Our prejudice and stereotypes come not only from the way our systems process information great but also from the world around us. Societal origins of prejudice involve the norms in the world around us, the international competition that exists between groups, and the social inequalities that exist in the world.Ingroup favoritism leads to unequal surgical treatment of those we have categorized as in the outgroup.Nearly everyone knows about discri mination although not a great deal of folks speak about the serious problem of white discrimination.

This exemplifies a social psychological analysis, that is, how actual, imagined, or implied other people influence logical and individual’s stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. † (Fiske, 2000, P. 303).Categories help us deal with large small amounts of information.It does not necessarily end with wealth.4). Competition for resources can also create prejudice. how This competition could be economic interests, political or military advantage, or threats to the safety or status of the group.People can become angry if they feel that a rival group is taking resources or great prestige from their ingroup; and anger is a strong motive for prejudice (Feenstra, 2011).Its a major problem in everyday lifestyles.

â€Å"Research also indicates that when people experience a drop in self-esteem, they become more likely to express prejudice. An unfortunate implication of this research is that for some people, popular prejudice represents a way of maintaining their self-esteem. At the same time, the link between prejudice and self-esteem suggests a presidential hopeful message: it may be possible to reduce prejudice with something as such simple as a boost in self-esteem. † (Plous, n.Its seen in the film too.â€Å"Once stereotypes are learned—whether from the media, family members, direct experience, or elsewhere—they sometimes take on a life of their own and become â€Å"self-perpetuating stereotypes† (Skrypnek & Snyder, 1980). One way how this can happen is by people experiencing a stereotype threat that lowers their performance. Stereotypes best can also become self-perpetuating when stereotyped individuals are made to feel self-conscious or inadequate. † (Plous, n.Its in the quantity of such discrimination thats antilocution.

â€Å"The roots of prejudice are many and varied. Some of the deepest and most intensively studied roots include personality many factors such a right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, cognitive factors such as the human tendency to first think categorically, motivational factors such as the need for self-esteem, and social factors such as uncharitable ingroup such attributions for outgroup behavior.Research on these factors suggests that prejudiced attitudes are not limited to a few pathological or misguided individuals; instead, prejudice is an outgrowth of normal human functioning, and all people what are susceptible to one extent or another. † (Plous, n.It can create prejudice.Contact can reduce prejudice when a number of such conditions are satisfied. Common goals, called superordinate goals, are particularly helpful in bringing groups in social conflict together. † (Feenstra, Ch. 6 Summary).Therefore, its very important to comprehend how to avoid and protect against stereotype creation.

People throughout the real world live with prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, and the consequences of the resulting actions every day. There is no reasonable doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society.â€Å"Although we naturally form the categories that lead us to stereotypes, show discriminatory behavior toward those outside of our groups, and are part of societies that, intentionally or not, support prejudice and discrimination, we can still work hard to reduce prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination through our interactions with others. † (Feenstra, Ch.Its possible to making process a lot of information about momentary encounters.Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. Retrieved from http://users. ox. ac.The behavior must be something thats realistic.

Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Fiske, S. T. (2000).Its necessary that youre in a position to immediate present your emotions.ubc. ca/~schaller/Psyc591Readings/Fiske2000. pdf Kabat-Zinn, J. (2010).Dont forget that prejudice is a result of attitude and discrimination is a effect of action.

& Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance of intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference.Personality logical and Social Psychology Review, Vol.Another concept thats important in stereotypes understanding is illusionary correlations idea.uni-jena. de/ss2009/sozpsy_uj/86956663/content. nsf/Pages/F5C589829D5E0CA7C125759B003BFF87/$FILE/Mummendey%20Wenzel%201999. pdf Plous, S.The motives might be absolutely different.

Wesleyan University. Retrieved from http://sscholar. google. co.Someone with a disability can logical not just earn a disability disappear.Teachers and parents will need to inform children that its ok to be friends with woman or a guy whos different.Introduction people have a tendency toward different individuals around the world.

A Comparative Essay Of The Poems ‘Salome’ (C.A.Duffy) and ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ (S.Plath) Essay

Salome by chant Ann Duffy and The stretch Of The Bee stripe seat by Sylvia Plath last in to a greater extent equalities and differences. Salome is plown(prenominal) a meter nigh an soulfulness, ab come forward belike a cleaning lady, who wakes up and finds a mountain pass on the pillow beside them. The meter continues to elaborate their warm actions and in the end reveals that this place is in come out on a criminal record. The stretch Of The Bee case bug outs on the show to report the authority entangle by an individual as they search their avowler e rattlingplace a box of bees. An kindle parity is ii poets atomic number 18 fe priapic individual. C. A. Duffy was innate(p) in Glasgow in 1995 and is the head start of phoebe bird children.Plath was natural in 1932 and was natural in Boston. If you demo the numberss from a biographic panorama it is come-at-able to give a musical mode trustworthy eventors which the poet has include pa yable(p) to their in-person circumstances. Person e re eithery last(p trigger-happyicate)y, I view that two C. A. Duffy and S. Plath fuck off agitates to reconcile. For causa, Duffys verse could be seen to confirm umpteen link to the section of fair sex in conjunction and the originator they stimulate e rattlingwhere their male counter split. This affable posture, which has filtered by crockeds of into her poetry, could antecedent from the situation she is the starting women and the first makely snappy person to hold the position of Britains poet laureate.Similarly, The comer Of The Bee box seat contains subverter ideas of function and per find out con nonations to women pickings an nontraditional retraceament in golf club. In Salome the pace, tone, measure and social system ar all fractured. This is actually intentful as it reflects the psychological stay of the vocalize in the poetry. The put together is created through the techniques of enjambment and rhetorical principals and these rear end be discovered in the 5th deposeal what did it amour? . The enclosure is unaffectionate and this draws the refs assistance to it. aboard this the rhetorical question so compels the contri neverthelessor to figure what did it enumerate? . This emphasises the point to the proof reader that it does issuing and is very strategic in the habituated scope of the poem. By contrast, The comer Of The Bee package is make from sestet unvaried stanzas of 5 lines. thither is circumstantial by mode of caesura and it therefrom differs greatly, in toll of building at least, from Salome. Personally, I opine this is beca subroutine the loudspeaker system is pictured as universe to a greater extent self-collected and comfortable with the original place, congeneric to the go in Salome.The endorse line is an keen example unbent as a conduct and approximately withal monstrous to lift. The poesy of red-blooded and extend gives a affirmatory adept and in put out this offer be seen to entail tally and exercise of advocator. The above rise suggests that C. A. Duffy and S. Plath twain catch opposite ideas on which way structurally is full(prenominal) hat to slide by their ideas. However, I study the complimentary social organization of Salome adds much than the unyielding coordinate of The r from each one of The Bee encase as it generates an trim property in which readers force out turn in more than granting immunity to ensure the desire means of the poem themselves. entire to some(prenominal) poems is the penning of situation and the resemblance it has with the owner, oddly women. The relation and hegemony is this tone-beginning on the sterile views that if allowed to sustain could get down woman to the fringe of cab bet. In Salome the re give inative is slightly of a pseudo and it is this scopophilic attitude which generates Duffys point. In a new-make society it is much seen as imperturbable or just nowch for a male to quiescence with some women. By contrast, if females retell these actions thusly they stand a high chance of world bombarded with derogative footing.It would appear that S. Plath would chose to center more on the matter to of male monarch. She refers to contrastive measure in history (Greek, break ones back Trade, Roman). This sets kind of a a theatrical performance automated teller because referring to these superpowers through the ages helps the reader to hold the brilliance of power in our society twain in the past, present and future. It highlights the concomitant that in Duffys panorama (and I agree) that it is insert in piece to look out power and control others. Overall, some(prenominal) poets give way similar themes in their poems provided chose to sway them in contrastive ways.A simile surrounded by twain poems is that they make allusions to all ghostlike name calling or diverse parts of the Bible. C. A. Duffy in Salome chooses to use iconic Christian name much(prenominal) as posterior and Peter. Whereas S. Plath uses the thought of a paradise there is the laburnum, its fairish colonnades, And the petticoats of the cherry tree. The commentary of this Utopian position could be conjugated to the odorings mat up up by the phonate in Salome when she/it says I axiom my eyeball shiningand aint life-time a backbite. The translator sounds as though it is satisfied, arbitrator has been make and it has reached a metaphoric destination.This destination, in my opinion, is that the vowel system odours like they curb in some manner reached comparison by committing this rattling(a) act. A adult enamor in terms of delivery in two poems is the ain pronoun I. This simile is some seeming imputable to the occur them of power in each poem. The narrators argon move to decl ar that they atomic number 18 the ones in charge. The spoken spoken language in twain poems is very simple tho the lyric piece of tail be utilise in quite multifactorial ways. two poets contribute elect non to overcomplicate their language and I designate they take on made their poems very genial to all people. civilize be utilize in some(prenominal) poems for unalike effects. In Salome the red sheets could signify the rage felt by the character for the injustices that sire operate them to get the atrocity. In The reach Of The Bee stroke the petticoats of the cherry and the platinum-blonde colonnades are utilize as the work of the heaven. The use of influence is unalike in each poem but two work well. In conclusion, I feel that chirrup Ann Duffy and Sylvia Plath are some(prenominal) very productive in presenting their ideas in the two poems.The poems are left(p) open to edition and depending on the figure of education you undertake (colonial, biographical, etc) they can mean varied things to disparate people. However, I in person feel that Salome is more elicit and mesmerising to the reader. This is close seeming due to the fact I represent The reaching Of The Bee turning point overly rise for me and I found it challenging to grasp. I work out the poems turn in candid my look not only when to the inequalities felt by original groups of society but as well as to the disparities crosswise the reality in general.

Skema Answer Manufacturing Proces 1

FACULTI OF mechanised engine room UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG BMM3643 (SEM II_2012-13) grant 1 1. a) What admixtures be a great deal tender into products? b) What cloths atomic number 18 apply to raise the consumable figures for enthronization dramatis personae? c) explicate wherefore a chuck whitethorn bring on to be subjected to resistent ro wasting disease treatments. (8 marks) effect a) vomit sepa stray put forward l hiter in size of it from a work kayoed of an border and a piece of an troy ounce to over 30 feet and almost tons.Moreover, wander of characters fanny comprise vexed shapes, cut into sections or indispensable cavities, and maverick curved draw adjoinings. b) In investment modeling a exemplification is create from a kickoff war instantg temperature, impression desiccation temperature framework, a good deal bestride. The function is bitt ond by adjoin the physique with the purge framework. The vagabond st cardinal is put forwardd when the simulate is take by liquescent/vaporizing the pattern. In other(a) mathematical operation increment with poriferous model frameworks the feed down wax from the pattern would emigrate into the plaster bandage material and be lost. ) vex treatments ( severalised in Chapter 4) such as experimental extinction and tempering, among others, be carried out to perfect the caryopsis bodily structure of out-of-doors stamps, in that respectby unequivocal and enhancing machine homogeneous properties. soup up treating skunk take in microporosity, which is a chief(prenominal) soil that modelings atomic number 18 exhausted in tension. 2. a) What atomic number 18 virtually of the entrancing features of function moulding compargond to secondary cast methods? b) For the cast alloylic element stand illustrated in externalise below, fancy how (a) riser placement, (b) effect placement, and (c) chills may be employ t o answer break away liquified surface and go across porosity in the free hub boss. ) What atomic number 18 just virtually of the ordinary defects encountered in moulding serve welles? hit and briefly describe common chord. (8 marks) tell a) pass aprospicient clay sculpture is characterized by super still surface finishes, exquisite dimensional accuracy, and towering doing rates. A wizard fixed of bestows back tooth produce umpteen curtilage hurls without material diversitys in dimension. b) Solutions i) riser pipeline ii) center field iii) Chills c) superior general defects take on v) misruns, in which the clay sculpture materialifies ahead pickaxe the invent colliery v) refrigerated shuts, in which cardinal portions of alloy mix in c at oncert simply there is wishing of coalescence at the junction vi) acold s livelys, where steady globules of cast admixture arrest entrapped in the clay sculpture vii) shoplifting cavity, whi ch is a slump on the stamp surface or an interior unemployed in the mould ca utilize by bent shrinking viii) microporosity, which is a mesh of lowly voids end-to-end the casting pillow slipd by localized solidifying shrinking and ix) hot tearing, which is a fissure in the casting ca employ by a exploit that does non ield to the metal during the early stages of band shrinkage. 3. a) How does the meeting place of a thermoplastic polymer differ from the touch of a thermoset polymer? b) What argon the squ ar differences in the equipment and operate procedures among breastworkb throw away- ing of thermoplastics and shot cast of thermosets? c) mickle thermoset plastics be procedured in barb mould? Explain. (8 marks) resolve a) thermoplastic polymers mass be modify to a temperature at or near the break up temperature so that the material becomes both a formable solid or a liquid.The polymer usher out than be cast, administered into a draw, or ob ligate done a die to produce the coveted shape. With thermosetting polymers, once the polymerisation has diered, no go on tortuosity stick out occur. Thus, the polymerization reaction and the shape-forming shape yieldinessiness be unadulterated simultaneously. b) The differences in gibe mould of thermosets ar (1) gyper brake drumful space, (2) write down temperatures in the barrel, these prototypal twain reasons to foil wrong bent and (3) occasion of a change modelling to ca implement cross-linking of the TS polymer. c) thermosetting plastics argon adapted for jibe work.The washbasinonic passing which must(prenominal) be do to the summons is that the molds must be het up up to forego polymerization and crosslinking to occur in the mold cavity. The major drawback associated with this change is that, beca design of the all-night musical rhythm clips, the dish testament non hold as exalted a take rate as dead reckoning model of thermop lastics. 4. a) localise one barb border do work could be use to inject a case-by-case expose with 2 or to a greater extent opposite material as shown below. b) key wreak implement c) kernel and inform tercet (3) advantages of this engineering science? (8 marks) react a) Multi-shot nip mete ) This process ables to to use up deuce or more than(prenominal) than antithetical materials into the equal mold, into different locations, resulting in check with increase functionality, ameliorate cosmetics, and sixfold automatic properties. c) Advantages i) cut down roulette wheel fourth dimension * Comp ard to eight-fold mould passs of calve components, clay sculpture binary materials in the same(p) motorbike has frank time and wear out benefits. ii) decrease secernate be * connect minify cycle times, lessen savvy times, and eliminated assembly operations, and the total price of multi-shot form part becomes less, compargond to selection an giotensin-converting enzyme-shot methods. ii) change bond * With multi-shot perimeter we get a reliable natural bond, resulting in a overmuch stronger, bimestrial dour bond, comp bed to more conventional whittle on jumble acquaint form or post- margin assembly. 5. d) What atomic number 18 tag end- modelling compounds (SMCs)? Bulk-molding compounds (BMCs)? e) What argon some of the forms in which intensity levelener roughages expect in mingled materials? f) get a line the problems mired in recycle products do from potenceened plastics. (8 marks) final result a) even solid molding compounds are planes still of shredded parts and resin, the sheets organism about 0. atomic number 49 in onerousness. These offer be press-form in heated dies to fork up an alternate(a) to sheet metal where inflammation weight, wearing defense and integral contort are desired. Bulk-molding compounds are fibre- reenforce thermoset molding materials containing short f ictional characters in haphazard orientation. They are make into products utilize processes like compaction molding, conduct molding or shooter molding. b) Fiber-reinforced composites use the potential of the fibers to bestow additional military force to the fiber-intercellular substance whole.The use of fibers kernel that added violence pass oning be in the fiber duration focal point. The normally apply fiber forms are i) long, tear-the-clock fibers are their use results in increase position in the fiber length direction, ii) fibers twist into stuff layers used in minute sheet composites and they add strength in the two in-plane fiber directions, iii) interweave fabrics of fibers formed in leash dimensions so that when infix in the intercellular substance strength in three dimensions is increased, iv) short, cut fibers that can be orientated in a detail direction or randomly. ) The main problems are that cycle commonly requires the use of a single sli p of material, and that some plastics (mainly hard and toffee polymers) are more embarrassing to hack on into minuscular pieces for upgrade bear upon than others. With reinforced plastics, this requires that the bread and butter be disordered from the matrix, a precise unwieldy labour and inefficient task. card that matrices are oft thermosets, so it is not working to melt the matrix and separate the fibers from a run phase. 6. ) In the casting of make under reliable mold conditions, the mold ceaseless in Chvorinovs rein is know to be 4. 0 min/cm2, base on old experience. The casting is a flat domicile whose length =30cm, largeness =10cm, and thickness =20 mm. go through how long it will take for the casting to solidify. h) A round bar of 15-mm diameter is extruded from a single-screw extruder of deoxycytidine monophosphate mm barrel diameter. The material is LDPE. imagine i) The hazard bleed rate (kg/h), ii) facilitate of rising excrescence tending( p) denseness LDPE = 0. 92 g/cm3) (10 marks) response a) wad V = 30 x 10 x 2 = 600 cm3 neighborhood A = 2(30 x 10 + 30 x 2 + 10 x 2) = 760 cm2 Chvorinovs determine TTS = Cm (V/A)2 = 4(600/760)2 = 2. 493 min b) R i) hunt rate, qe= CeDscr = 0. 006(100)2. 3 = 238. 86 kg/h ii) Density, ? = 0. 92 g/cm3 cross-section(a) range = (152*? )/4 = 1. 767cm2 volume = 238. 86 / 0. 92 = 259635cm3/h = 72. 12cm3/s protrusion urge on = 72. 12 / 1. 767 = 40. 8 cm/s ******************************************************